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Jupiter and Neptune
A new spirituality and science
Our time is determined by a strong dualism. Many issues divide society and make synthesis difficult. Personal relationships suffer as a result. The unstable balance of different social interests is threatened and simple populist world views become hopeful again. Whether it’s Brexit, the Donald Trump phenomenon, the Corona measures or the Ukraine war. On both sides, the camps are irreconcilably opposed to each other. But at the same time, such crises also offer opportunities to advance to the issues behind them. After all, in view of the climate catastrophe and the creeping cyberization of mankind, the issues mentioned are actually trivialities.
A synthesis is possible when extreme positions are raised to a new level in discourse and the underlying need is recognized by the other. People are for or against Brexit, Donald Trump, Corona measures or the Ukraine war for a wide variety of reasons. They are also for or against genetically modified plants, homosexual marriages, gendering or electric cars for the most diverse reasons. To find two people who have the same opinion on all eight of these topics, you would probably have to search through all the dating agency databases in the entire world. Only to find that the two don’t get along chemically.
It’s important to identify with like-minded people. But in order to find ourselves, we must also be able to rub up against the other. And we need to do this in a protected space where everyone can speak their mind openly and not have to fear being bugged, denounced or given secret rankings. It is a bad habit of the prevailing cancel culture to constantly be on the lookout for supposed enemies and to lose sight of what we have in common. The anonymous discussions on social media invite hate speech and bullying, which is now imitated even in kindergarten.
Astrologically, we can identify two constellations of our time for this strong polarization. First, there is the conjunction of Saturn and Pluto in Capricorn from January 2020, marking the beginning of the corona pandemic and the consequent restrictions of freedom under the subordination to rules imposed by virologists and hygienists. On the other hand, we have the conjunction of Jupiter and Neptune in April 2022, with which Corona ended, giving us the opportunity to come to terms with the events that have happened. Inwardly, many people are currently undergoing strong transformations, long-standing partnerships and employment relationships are dissolved and new life models are sought. This feels painful for many at first, but it holds the chance for a real transformation.
Both constellations have historical antecedents, which I will discuss in more detail later. The conjunction of Saturn and Pluto in Capricorn is significant because it takes place in the sign ruled by Saturn and last occurred in 1517, when the Catholic Church, corrupt to the core, lost its supremacy. A conjunction of Jupiter and Neptune in Pisces occurred shortly thereafter in 1524. And not only Jupiter and Neptune, but all known planets of that time including our Lilith and Chiron. So, collapse of the known structures and inner healing processes were close to each other also at that time at the time of Luther, Calvin, Zwingli and many other revolutionaries.
Also, the last conjunction of Jupiter and Neptune in Pisces took place in a historically interesting epoch. 1856 was the year in which Madame Blavatsky was admitted to the Paris Spiritist Society. A thirty-year period began in which the precursors of today’s New Age and esotericism emerged. And again, a conjunction of Saturn and Pluto took place promptly. Together with Uranus in Aries, it marked the 1850 attempt at revolution against the monarchist system of Europe. (In 1848, Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto was published and the Paulskirche Uprising occurred).
We see historical parallels that are worth pursuing in order to better understand the quality of our time and to look for ways out of the crisis. Jupiter and Neptune are easily classified as the outer benefactors in the zodiac, while Saturn and Pluto have to be content with the role of evil. This attribution is, of course, nonsense. For planets do not have individual effects. It is their interaction that determines the particular quality of the time. Without Saturn and Pluto our order would disintegrate and anarchy would spread. And the spiritual side of Jupiter and Neptune must be developed first, before they can develop an effect. Before that, both led only to illusions and disappointments.
Both in 1518 and in 1856 the power structures had hardened. And so much frustration had accumulated among the people that even ’normal‘ bourgeois people went into resistance. The Catholic Church’s sale of indulgences had made many people so angry that they were ready to use violence to free themselves from the burden of the drudgery. Peasant uprisings resulted, as did the reestablishment of the Protestant churches, whose doctrines were built on equality among members. Priests could marry, women could be ordained, and laymen could preach. But this did not break the power of the Catholic Church. It continued with even greater vehemence the inquisition it had already begun against all who thought otherwise. The greater its striving for security and the more it clung to its dogmas, the greater became the rage on the other side. Saturnian and Plutonian fear cannot be countered by even more security. We also see this in our days, where computers are supposed to regulate our health, our working life and our everyday life and there are more and more failures and health impairments, because the human being is no longer in the center, but his function as a carrier of a materialistic world view.
Spontaneity is lost, the immune system is weakened and thus viruses that are actually harmless can threaten our bodies. Much worse are the mental viruses of ideologies, which spread like ulcers in society, drive friendships apart and break up alliances that have grown together for a long time. We spend too much time on grueling activities designed to maintain the complexity of the system and too little time in nature, in movement, and in heart-filling relationships. It is the children who suffer most, and they were once again the main sufferers during the lockdowns. A generation is growing up that again knows war, hunger and restriction of life rights.
The children are raised early to become cogs in the wheel of capitalism and trained to make the greatest possible profit for their companies. The wealth of the top 1% doubled once again during the Corona crisis. A lot of money goes into expanding digital networks, robotics and genetic engineering, while nature continues to dwindle. Vast amounts of energy have to be brought in, drinking water, rare earths and agricultural products, in order to be able to use the blessings of the new technologies. The financial industry alone consumes 5% of the world’s electricity through its extreme computing power. But immersed in an augmented reality with virtual glasses, we are supposed to perceive only the image of reality in which all our desires continue to come true despite galloping inflation, world hunger, destruction of resources and the rise of autocratic worldviews.
Those who have been on the spiritual path for a long time have heard that we are in an ascension process of the earth. It is a matter of raising one’s own vibration to keep up with the changes. Those who surround themselves with light energy are less affected by the dark forces. Those who ground themselves, live simply, and forgo material gains also don’t have to carry around as much when they want to break new ground. It is important to have a community of like-minded people to support each other. One must be careful, however, not to follow the manipulations of the false prophets who are now appearing again in droves and gathering their sleeping sheep of all political stripes.
What else can help? For years, a wide variety of groups have been opposing the standardizations of capitalism. In 2010, when Neptune entered Pisces, a liberation movement developed in the Arab countries. With Occupy, there was a climax of worldwide protests against the financial industry. All over the world, people camped out in front of banks, resisting the usurpation of their privacy by an opaque and almost mafia-like structure, uncomfortably reminiscent of the Catholic Church. Sections of the technologically oriented elites have begun to develop a religion-like ideology of belief in progress, striving for the dream of a perfect machine with transhumanism. Their narcissistic fantasies are meant to shoot us into space to escape the misery of earthly conditions. At least for those who can afford it. Medicine is being asked to develop a means of immortality that will make the wealthy godlike and treat poorer people as organ banks to be exploited. For every ailment there is a means to escape suffering and to make oneself fit for the Darwinian competition with doping. A biotechnological Raison d’être forces us to self-optimization and a perfectionist attitude to work, as in the early days of industrialization, where everyone was a replaceable cog in the wheel.
But if we can’t learn by making mistakes, if we don’t have leisure to reflect on things in the world and resist false orders, we lose the ability to reflect. There are many intangible fears at the moment in the face of the complexity of the world. It has never been more important with this lunar position in the two horoscopes to express one’s opinion clearly, not to be intimidated even if one does not know perfectly about everything, and one’s emotions create ill-will among close people or other groups. How we best manage this is indicated by our own Moon in the horoscope.
With Jupiter and Neptune in Pisces we are longing for pacifying forces and are looking outside seduced by monotheistic, pseudo-ecological or consumer-esoteric world views for simple solutions that do not exist. But we can only really move forward by a change inside and a confrontation with the complex primordial things. Otherwise, we are just replacing one ideology with another. Jupiter and Neptune are not attached in the chart of 2022. They only have a sextile to Pluto and a sextile to the lunar node. The willingness to really dive into the depths of the underworld, and the psychic forces is necessary. A transformation is only possible if we reconcile with the Plutonic forces and do not always open up new areas of struggle.
Where people remember their roots, such an inner path is more easily possible than in the mills of capitalist exploitation. As with Momo, it is about gaining time, which cannot be acquired through more money or more performance, but through understanding that life is a gift and not a compulsory task. Because the opportunity for personal development has never been greater. Economy of the common good, Repair Cafes, Urban Gardening, Wikimedia, Hackathons, appropriate technology, World Social Forum, Attack, the Pirates, solidaric agriculture or local barter rings are examples where alternative models of society have begun to develop in recent years. We do not yet understand how this is supposed to work globally, but the seed of the new is planted in it.
Horoscope 2: Jupiter/Neptun conjunction 2022, San Francisco, 4/12 10:45 p.m.
Calculating the conjunction for Silicon Valley, Uranus falls exactly on the AC and Pluto on the MC, indicating the development potentials of this place for the future, but also sudden disturbances and undesirable developments. An earthquake in California, a volcanic eruption, or a global solar storm could cripple computer companies and cause the internet to fail. Interesting again is Moon in this chart, which has an antenna function because it opposes all the other planets.
This was already the case with the conjunction of Saturn and Pluto in Capricorn on Jan. 12, 2020, which heralded the corona event. Shortly after the lunar eclipse, this Moon in Leo stood for the importance of autonomous emotions in the face of moral pressure from Saturnian apparatchiks and Plutonian reality deniers. Real emotions are important in a time of virtual demands to conform. In the Ju/Ne conjunction chart, the Moon is in Virgo ingress, exhorting facts and rational thinking. In a way, this contradicts the concern of Jupiter and Neptune to follow our intuition. However, it is the interplay of emotions and reason that shows the way to creativity and new life plans that make a positive vision directed towards the future possible. The great goal is the synthesis of spirituality and science. For the benefit of all beings and in harmony with the laws of nature.
Not only fed by purely material needs, but by the desire to get more on the track of the miracle of life again and to do justice to the fact that humans are not purely rational beings, but also need room for imagination, creativity and experimentation. Mars is prominently involved, as it was in 1856, the last conjunction of Jupiter and Neptune in pisces. In opposition to the Moon, it is important to have arguments and not to drag them out, in order to be sure of one’s feelings and not to make the wrong decisions. At the same time, however, toxic masculinity should be viewed critically and bending of the truth under the dogma of feasibility.
For Shenzhen, the technological center of China, the conjunction falls exactly on the IC, suggesting a kind of new spiritual home. China finds in the new technologies its self-determination, with the help of which it can free itself from the clutches of the West, but at the same time remains strongly rooted in its traditions, which can lead to tensions within the population. On the other hand, the memory of its roots can be salutary for this country. It is the home of Confucius and Lao Tzu, the philosophers of prudence. Their teachings refrain from the pursuit of worldly power because, in the long run, it produces exactly the opposite of what it seeks to achieve.
Constant dripping wears away the stone. Until 40 years ago, China was a pure peasant state whose people lived in close connection with nature. The roots with the traditions are still alive and do not have to be completely buried as they are with us. For this, however, the atheistic orientation of the communist party must first be replaced.
The Sabian symbol of this conjunction of Jupiter and Neptune, which takes place at 23 degrees 58 minutes, says by Stephen Arroyo:
at 23 degrees: a materialization – medium summons uncanny spirit forms – display of powers which, though physical in nature, transcend our normal awareness. Subjective mastery of or passivity toward life forces.
At 24 degrees: On a tiny lost island, people happily build their own world. – Adaptability and inherent creative powers of man. Unusual certainty in self-expression. Centralization of supernatural powers.
Like the small religious sects of the 16th century, other forms of coexistence are developing that bypass the exploitative model of central power and make better direct democratic voting possible. Against the resistance of the established, they reject the belief in the lack of alternatives of the existing system, allow themselves to be ridiculed and accept personal disparagement. The self-righteousness of the established rises to an unbearable level, as it did then. Like the first emigrants to America from that time, these small groups network worldwide and exchange information about a different model of society in order to escape the increasingly restrictive policies of the technocratic system and its pseudo-morality.
Conjunction from 1856
It is part of the Jupiter/Neptune conjunction in Pisces that their potentials are hidden and the effect is only realized later. This was also the case with the last constellation, which took place in 1856. Industrialization was at its peak, people in Europe and America were flocking to the cities to participate in the economic opportunities that were opening up. The railroad had been invented and cut weeks of travel time to a few hours. The Ottomans, along with their allies France and England, succeeded in pushing back Russian expansionism in the Crimea during the war of 1853 to 1856. Florence Nightingale gave an account of the deaths in this Crimean War in 1856. She calculated that about 80% of the English and French soldiers died not from combat but from epidemics. The simplest things were missing and the hygiene was catastrophic. Since she secretly visited the patients at night with a lamp on her forehead, she is considered the Lady with the lamp, which in mythology is an allusion to the Luciferian bringer of light. The Jupiter/Neptune conjunction passes over her own Jupiter in Pisces in 6th house this year.
She has Sun and Moon in Taurus and devotes her entire life to social work. Against her family’s opposition, she first worked in a nursing home and is later hired as director there because of her report on the Crimean War. Chiron, Pluto and Saturn are in the 7th house of encounter. It is her greatest wish to make nursing an official profession and indeed, against the resistance of the churches, hundreds of thousands of women in the world are soon educated in their schools and for the first time have their own livelihood, a pension and unemployment insurance. With love and devotion, her Venus in Cancer in the 10th house develops a professional ethos that is still valid today. With the quincunx to Neptune, she goes through a personal ordeal, as she contracted the infectious disease brucellosis in the Crimea and spent the second half of her life mostly in bed. However, this also allowed her to understand what is really important in nursing.
In every life there are crossroads where we fundamentally develop our behavior and personality. Florence Nightingale’s horoscope for her Crimean years with Uranus over the Sun indicates her awakened technical interest. She is considered a pioneer in the visual illustration of statistical relationships in medicine. With the Progressive Sun entering the sign Cancer, her nursing interest is awakened, and with the Progressive Mars entering the sign Virgo, the meticulous paperwork through which she was able to convince the male academic world of the importance of systematic nursing work in tens of thousands of letters. For until then, the physician was the sole master of the patient.
Otherwise, these were quiet times between the Napoleonic and the two world wars. In his poems, Baudelaire had invented the figure of the urban dandy, the bohemian who lives solely for the realization of his ideals and who makes the search for ultimate pleasure the principle of all his endeavors. Modern painting was born in the 1850s with fine, rapid brushwork and the capture of symbolically charged fleeting impressions. Paintings such as ‚The Absinthe Drinker‘ by Eduard Manet, ‚The Belleli Family‘ by Edgard Degas, ‚Summer‘ by Paul Cézanne, ‚Two Women by the Sea‘ by Camille Pissarro or the Honfleurseries by Eugène Boudin already hint at a dissolution of strict forms. The contours blur, become unproportionable and symbols come to the fore. It is about impressions of moments whose motifs are repeated again and again. Daubigny painted the ‚Lock in the Valley of Optevoz‘. And his later pupils Monet and Renoir also painted pictures as students in these years that anticipated their later Impressionist landscapes.
Horoscope 1: Jupiter/Neptune conjunction
1856 Berlin, March 17, 10:20 a.m.
Jules Verne wrote his first utopian novellas in the mid-1850s, including ‚A Wintering in the Ice‘ in 1855, which already anticipated utopian elements of his novels ‚Journey to the Center of the Earth‘ (1864) and ‚20,000 Leagues Under the Sea‘ (1869). These were the first blossoms of a revolutionary epoch that was about to dawn. The term science fiction was first introduced in 1851 by the British poet and essayist William Wilson.[1] 1856 also saw the publication of the treatise ‚The Stereoscope; Its History, Theory, and Construction‘, which describes the principle of the magic eye. It is the creation of a depth perception by shifting a second image a few pixels. In the 90’s it was perfected to these colorful images, where if you fix it long enough, you can perceive a second image in the picture. In this way, one can also send messages to ‚initiates‘ that only those who have opened their ‚third eye‘ can understand.
Berlin is the spiritual center of the world at this time. Many of the later Nobel Prize winners will come from the Charité and the universities of this city, in which all virtues and vices of the rising Prussian thought were concentrated. If one places the horoscope of the Jupiter/Neptune conjunction on Berlin, then Mercury and Venus lie directly on the MC and illustrate the youthful freshness of the exploratory drive. A new city emerged from the nothingness of the moors on the Spree River and became a world metropolis in a very short time. Jupiter and Neptune form a degree-exact sextile to Uranus in Taurus and both also conjoin degree-exact to form a Yod figure with Mars in Libra. The collective energies of the outer planets are focused precisely on actively finding the ultimate balance.
An attitude towards life that reflects this intermediate epoch between restoration and open society, country and city, classicism and modernity. In which, after the failed March Revolution in Germany, small groups came together, similar to today, who wanted to follow a different path than that of the established. The poets Ferdinand Freiligrath, August Hoffman von Fallersleben, Georg Weerth and Georg Herwegh, the radical democrat Johann Jakoby, the journalist Hermann Jellinek, the critic of religion Ludwig Feuerbach, the writers Wilhelm Weitling and Ludwig Büchner, the lawyer Friedrich Hecker and many others fought for a different path from that of the establishment. and many others fought, sometimes in exile, together with students, professors, ordinary workers and critical civil servants against the exceptional laws after the revolution of 1848.3 Friedrich Rückert, the founder of Oriental studies, spoke over 40 languages, which he was able to learn within 6 weeks.
Meanwhile, exciting developments were also taking place in scientific fields. It was the time when organic chemistry was discovered by Justus Liebig, epidemiology and petrochemistry.[2] John Snow, in a study of cholera in London in 1854, realized that the disease was not caused by miasmas (vapors) but by germs in the water that could be killed by boiling. Microvirology thus had a subject in one fell swoop, during which later virologists such as Kekulé, Koch, Pasteur and Virchow became world stars. In 1858, August Kekulé discovered the tetravalence of carbon, which seven years later would lead him to the vision of the benzene ring – the fundamental figure of all organic matter.
Kekulé reported his visions in an omnibus: „I sank into reverie. There before my eyes the atoms gaunted. I had always seen them in motion, those small beings, but I had never succeeded in eavesdropping on the nature of their movement. Today I saw how many times two smaller ones joined together in pairs; how larger ones embraced two smaller ones, still larger ones held three and even four of the smaller ones, and how everything turned in a whirling round dance. I saw how larger ones formed a row and only at the ends of the chain still smaller ones dragged along.“ And finally, in another dream, he saw the chains of hexavalent carbon compounds entwining like two serpents in the alchemical image of Ouroboros, whose head bites its own tail.[3] It is insight into the deepest interrelationships of matter that becomes possible with this conjunction of Jupiter and Neptune in Pisces. The beholding of the laws behind the external forms.
In 1840, James Prescott Joule formulated the law named after him, according to which heat is proportional to the product of the square of the current and the resistance of the circuit. Joule proved that the amount of heat generated by a battery is directly related to the amount of chemically converted metal in the battery. From 1852, Joule worked with Thomson on experiments to confirm thermodynamic theories. In 1852, the two researchers showed that a gas that can expand undisturbed will cool. This Joule-Thomson effect was proof of the assumption that weak forces are at work between gas molecules. The theorem has applications in gas liquefaction and refrigeration. Joule also conceived the ideal hot air machine cycle (Joule process).
Rudolf Clausius also first grasped the 2nd law of thermodynamics around 1840, which states that heat does not pass from a cold body to a warmer one without other changes and thus also postulates the impossibility of a perpetual motion machine of the 2nd kind. In 1865 Clausius introduced the concept of entropy. However, his fundamental work on the kinetic theory of gases and electrolytic dissociation came in 1857, the year in which he refined August Krönig’s simple gas kinetic model, which the latter had established a year earlier, and introduced the concept of the „mean free path“ of a gas molecule. His work on this, which was also translated into English, prompted James Clerk Maxwell and later Ludwig Boltzmann to make decisive discoveries that significantly established the kinetic theory of gases. In addition, Clausius also worked on the electrodynamics of moving bodies, which only found its solution through Einstein’s work in 1905.
Also, in 1856, the US-American Eunice Food demonstrated in experiments a stronger heating in air-filled glass cylinders by solar radiation, if the contained air was humid or replaced by CO2. She noted that higher concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere would be associated with a higher temperature on Earth, which triggered a discussion about whether we were facing a new ice age or warm period.[4] The discussion was, of course, decided by men to whom the drama of an ice age seemed much more spectacular. Groundbreaking things were also happening in the economic field. The financial industry became increasingly important. With the help of the Morse apparatus developed in 1840, which could be used to send telegrams from 1852, the exchange of information for stock exchange transactions was radically accelerated.
In the 1850s, while working as a correspondent for the New York Daily Tribune, the largest magazine of the time, Karl Marx developed the foundations for his economic theory, which were later summarized in his work ‚Das Kapital‘. In 1844, at the conjunction of Jupiter and Neptune in Aquarius, the Economic-Philosophical Manuscripts were already published. They are Marx’s first draft of an economic system, which at the same time makes clear the philosophical direction that four years later leads to the postulation of the communist Manifest. Marx develops there for the first time in detail his theory of ‚alienated labor‘, which is based on Hegel. There is a parallel here to 2009 and 2010, when Jupiter was also conjunct Neptune in Aquarius, triggering the Occupy protests. The square of Sun in Pisces (equality) and Saturn in Gemini (feasibility dogma) shows the contradiction between the exploitative methods of early industrialization and the desire for equal opportunity. Lilith in Virgo creates the fertile ground of the learning triangle on which the seeds of Marxist philosophy fall.
The American Civil War of 1861-1865 was also rooted in events accelerated around 1856. But according to Mars in Libra, it was based on a hard motive – ending slavery. The northern states had joined together to form a federation, and California had joined it in 1850, so there was a majority in the Senate. New laws were passed, and old alliances were broken. so that in 1855 there was a civil war in Kansas, similar to the Spanish Civil War of 1936, which foreshadowed World War 2 the wars of secession. In the Mountain Meadows Massacre of September 11, 1857, Mormons killed 120 other settlers who were on their way to California. This is considered one of the triggers for the War of Secession.
However, the ideas of Charles Darwin, a naturalist who was completely unknown until then, were the most lasting. He postulated the descent of man from apes, which was a completely absurd idea for those times. In the mid-1850s, he worked on an extensive manuscript entitled ‚Natural Selection‘, which three years later as a concept ‚On the Origin of Species‘ changed our complete view of man. He wrote in a letter in March 1855: „I am working hard on my notes, collecting and comparing them, in order to write in about two or three years a book with all the facts I can gather that speak for and against the immutability of species.“[5] The main features of this theory prove evolution and common descent of all species and prove by gradualism the single steps of sexual selection and mutation of single traits that guarantee better survival in a given niche. And not a ’selection of the fittest‘ as the social Darwinists interpreted it from and at the same time called the female an ‚accident of history‘. Today we experience again in a massive way the derivation of wrong conclusions from actually scientifically clear analyses.
However, we should also be lenient with the seemingly obscure ideas of our fellow human beings. Because some of these visions will have the potential to trigger lasting changes and lead us to deeper insights. It will take a few years until we will recognize the revolutionary in some of the ’spinning‘ of our days and at the same time it is a good exercise not to go too fast into the evaluation, but to let strange thoughts work on you first.
But not only the sciences experienced a revolution, but also the spiritual worldview changed during this time. A boom of spiritualistic seance occurred, which can also be seen as a spiritual preparation for the coming electronic age. Film and radio had not yet been invented. The Davenport brothers performed in many cities in America between 1855 and 1864, producing spiritualistic manifestations while (apparently) tied up. Non-contact transmission of spiritual content was a widespread idea at the time, and a young woman named Helena Blavatsky succumbed to it. She converted to spiritualism in 1856 under the famous psychokinesis medium Daniel Dunglas Home in Paris, received spiritual messages, and spread them as she traveled the world over the next few years. From this came Theosophy, which had the greatest influence on what we now call the New Age, and which also gave astrology a new raison d’être. The Moon, Pluto and Chiron are in a T-square, creating a strong sensitivity to extraordinary perceptions.
Last but not least, Sigmund Freud was also born in 1856 and has a wide conjunction of Jupiter and Neptune. The discoverer of the unconscious was on the trail of the messages of the psyche throughout his life. Messages that he believed he could recognize above all in dreams, promises and wrong actions. The planet Neptune had just been discovered in 1846, if only very hesitantly received by the astrological community. So much for the events of the conjunction of the last century. Today we observe a return of spirituality and fine instruments of observation. But also a suppression of reality and a flight into cyber worlds.
The flip side of the conjunction of Jupiter and Neptune in Pisces is the emergence of illusions and deceptions. How many ideas had to die completely in the Darwinian sense to prepare the way for one? How many missteps did man have to commit to arrive at an acceptable morality? How many senseless deaths had to occur in the course of ideologization before reason reasserted itself? We are facing the greatest human catastrophe since the Holocaust. Because of the Ukraine war, aid organizations are shifting their funds. Less money is reaching Africa and other parts of the world where people are starving. Wheat is becoming scarce because half of the wheat that goes to poorer countries comes from Ukraine and the Russians are blockading the ships and looting the warehouses. We should stop eating meat and using food to produce bioethanol immediately. But we close our eyes, also because we are still traumatized by the corona events.
[1] In the title of chapter 10 of his book ‚A little earnest book upon a great old subject‘.
[2] A milestone for the modern petrochemical industry is the patent granted to the Canadian physician and geologist Abrham Gesner in the USA in 1855 on his process for producing petroleum from oil shale and crude oil. The production of petroleum as an illuminant remained the main purpose of oil production until the automobile industry.
[3] Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 23 (1890) S. 1306
[4] The American Journal of the Science and Arts. Band 22, November 1856, XXXI, S. 382–383.
[5] Autobiography p. 46